Animal Forest

Roman snail, Helix pomatia

The Lophotrochozoa include two of the most successful animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida.^[17][18] The former, which is the second-largest animal phylum by number of described species, includes animals such as snails, clams, and squids, and the latter comprises the segmented worms, such as earthworms and leeches. These two groups have long been considered close relatives because of the common presence of trochophore larvae, but the annelids were considered closer to the arthropods,^[19] because they are both segmented. Now this is generally considered convergent evolution, owing to many morphological and genetic differences between the two phyla.^[20]

The Lophotrochozoa also include the Nemertea or ribbon worms, the Sipuncula, and several phyla that have a fan of cilia around the mouth, called a lophophore.^[21] These were traditionally grouped together as the lophophorates.^[22] but it now appears they are paraphyletic,^[23] some closer to the Nemertea and some to the Mollusca and Annelida.^[24][25] They include the Brachiopoda or lamp shells, which are prominent in the fossil record, the Entoprocta, the Phoronida, and possibly the Bryozoa or moss animals.^[26]